Veritas™ Volume Manager Administrator's Guide

Last Published:
Product(s): InfoScale & Storage Foundation (5.1 SP1)
Platform: HP-UX
  1. Understanding Veritas Volume Manager
    1.  
      About Veritas Volume Manager
    2. VxVM and the operating system
      1.  
        How data is stored
    3. How VxVM handles storage management
      1. Physical objects
        1.  
          Disk arrays
        2.  
          Multiple paths to disk arrays
        3.  
          Device discovery
        4.  
          About enclosure-based naming
      2. Virtual objects
        1.  
          Combining virtual objects in VxVM
        2.  
          Disk groups
        3.  
          VM disks
        4.  
          Subdisks
        5.  
          Plexes
        6.  
          Volumes
    4. Volume layouts in VxVM
      1.  
        Non-layered volumes
      2.  
        Layered volumes
      3.  
        Layout methods
      4.  
        Concatenation, spanning, and carving
      5.  
        Striping (RAID-0)
      6.  
        Mirroring (RAID-1)
      7.  
        Striping plus mirroring (mirrored-stripe or RAID-0+1)
      8.  
        Mirroring plus striping (striped-mirror, RAID-1+0 or RAID-10)
      9. RAID-5 (striping with parity)
        1.  
          Traditional RAID-5 arrays
        2.  
          Veritas Volume Manager RAID-5 arrays
        3.  
          Left-symmetric layout
        4.  
          RAID-5 logging
        5.  
          Layered volumes
    5. Online relayout
      1.  
        How online relayout works
      2.  
        Limitations of online relayout
      3.  
        Transformation characteristics
      4.  
        Transformations and volume length
    6. Volume resynchronization
      1.  
        Dirty flags
      2.  
        Resynchronization process
    7. Dirty region logging
      1.  
        Log subdisks and plexes
      2.  
        Sequential DRL
    8. Volume snapshots
      1.  
        Comparison of snapshot features
    9. FastResync
      1.  
        FastResync enhancements
      2. Non-persistent FastResync
        1.  
          How non-persistent FastResync works with snapshots
      3.  
        Persistent FastResync
      4. DCO volume versioning
        1.  
          Version 0 DCO volume layout
        2.  
          Version 20 DCO volume layout
        3.  
          How persistent FastResync works with snapshots
        4.  
          Effect of growing a volume on the FastResync map
      5.  
        FastResync limitations
    10.  
      Hot-relocation
    11.  
      Volume sets
  2. Provisioning new usable storage
    1.  
      Provisioning new usable storage
    2.  
      Growing the existing storage by adding a new LUN
    3.  
      Growing the existing storage by growing the LUN
  3. Administering disks
    1.  
      About disk management
    2. Disk devices
      1. Disk device naming in VxVM
        1.  
          Operating system-based naming
        2.  
          Enclosure-based naming
      2.  
        Private and public disk regions
    3. Discovering and configuring newly added disk devices
      1.  
        Partial device discovery
      2. Discovering disks and dynamically adding disk arrays
        1.  
          How DMP claims devices
        2.  
          Disk categories
        3.  
          Adding support for a new disk array
        4.  
          Enabling discovery of new disk arrays
      3.  
        Third-party driver coexistence
      4. How to administer the Device Discovery Layer
        1.  
          Listing all the devices including iSCSI
        2.  
          Listing all the Host Bus Adapters including iSCSI
        3.  
          Listing the ports configured on a Host Bus Adapter
        4.  
          Listing the targets configured from a Host Bus Adapter or a port
        5.  
          Listing the devices configured from a Host Bus Adapter and target
        6.  
          Getting or setting the iSCSI operational parameters
        7.  
          Listing all supported disk arrays
        8.  
          Excluding support for a disk array library
        9.  
          Re-including support for an excluded disk array library
        10.  
          Listing excluded disk arrays
        11.  
          Listing supported disks in the DISKS category
        12.  
          Displaying details about a supported array library
        13.  
          Adding unsupported disk arrays to the DISKS category
        14.  
          Removing disks from the DISKS category
        15.  
          Foreign devices
    4.  
      Disks under VxVM control
    5. Changing the disk-naming scheme
      1.  
        Examples of using vxddladm to change the naming scheme
      2.  
        Displaying the disk-naming scheme
      3.  
        Regenerating persistent device names
      4.  
        Changing device naming for TPD-controlled enclosures
      5. Persistent simple or nopriv disks with enclosure-based naming
        1.  
          Removing the error state for persistent simple or nopriv disks in the boot disk group
        2.  
          Removing the error state for persistent simple or nopriv disks in non-boot disk groups
    6.  
      About the Array Volume Identifier (AVID) attribute
    7.  
      Discovering the association between enclosure-based disk names and OS-based disk names
    8.  
      About disk installation and formatting
    9.  
      Displaying or changing default disk layout attributes
    10. Adding a disk to VxVM
      1.  
        Disk reinitialization
      2.  
        Using vxdiskadd to put a disk under VxVM control
    11.  
      RAM disk support in VxVM
    12.  
      Veritas Volume Manager co-existence with Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) disks
    13. Rootability
      1.  
        VxVM root disk volume restrictions
      2.  
        Root disk mirrors
      3.  
        Booting root volumes
      4.  
        Setting up a VxVM root disk and mirror
      5.  
        Creating an LVM root disk from a VxVM root disk
      6.  
        Adding swap volumes to a VxVM rootable system
      7.  
        Adding persistent dump volumes to a VxVM rootable system
      8.  
        Removing a persistent dump volume
    14. Displaying disk information
      1.  
        Displaying disk information with vxdiskadm
    15.  
      Controlling Powerfail Timeout
    16. Removing disks
      1.  
        Removing a disk with subdisks
      2.  
        Removing a disk with no subdisks
    17.  
      Removing a disk from VxVM control
    18. Removing and replacing disks
      1.  
        Replacing a failed or removed disk
    19.  
      Enabling a disk
    20.  
      Taking a disk offline
    21.  
      Renaming a disk
    22.  
      Reserving disks
  4. Administering Dynamic Multi-Pathing
    1. How DMP works
      1. How DMP monitors I/O on paths
        1.  
          Path failover mechanism
        2.  
          Subpaths Failover Group (SFG)
        3.  
          Low Impact Path Probing (LIPP)
        4.  
          I/O throttling
      2.  
        Load balancing
      3. DMP coexistence with HP-UX native multi-pathing
        1.  
          Migrating between DMP and HP-UX native multi-pathing
      4. DMP in a clustered environment
        1.  
          About enabling or disabling controllers with shared disk groups
    2.  
      Disabling multi-pathing and making devices invisible to VxVM
    3.  
      Enabling multi-pathing and making devices visible to VxVM
    4.  
      About enabling and disabling I/O for controllers and storage processors
    5.  
      About displaying DMP database information
    6.  
      Displaying the paths to a disk
    7.  
      Setting customized names for DMP nodes
    8. Administering DMP using vxdmpadm
      1.  
        Retrieving information about a DMP node
      2.  
        Displaying consolidated information about the DMP nodes
      3.  
        Displaying the members of a LUN group
      4.  
        Displaying paths controlled by a DMP node, controller, enclosure, or array port
      5.  
        Displaying information about controllers
      6.  
        Displaying information about enclosures
      7.  
        Displaying information about array ports
      8.  
        Displaying extended device attributes
      9.  
        Suppressing or including devices for VxVM or DMP control
      10. Gathering and displaying I/O statistics
        1.  
          Examples of using the vxdmpadm iostat command
        2.  
          Displaying statistics for queued or erroneous I/Os
        3.  
          Displaying cumulative I/O statistics
      11.  
        Setting the attributes of the paths to an enclosure
      12.  
        Displaying the redundancy level of a device or enclosure
      13.  
        Specifying the minimum number of active paths
      14.  
        Displaying the I/O policy
      15. Specifying the I/O policy
        1.  
          Scheduling I/O on the paths of an Asymmetric Active/Active array
        2.  
          Example of applying load balancing in a SAN
      16.  
        Disabling I/O for paths, controllers or array ports
      17.  
        Enabling I/O for paths, controllers or array ports
      18.  
        Renaming an enclosure
      19.  
        Configuring the response to I/O failures
      20.  
        Configuring the I/O throttling mechanism
      21.  
        Configuring Subpaths Failover Groups (SFG)
      22.  
        Configuring Low Impact Path Probing
      23.  
        Displaying recovery option values
      24.  
        Configuring DMP path restoration policies
      25.  
        Stopping the DMP path restoration thread
      26.  
        Displaying the status of the DMP path restoration thread
      27.  
        Displaying information about the DMP error-handling thread
      28.  
        Configuring array policy modules
  5. Online dynamic reconfiguration
    1.  
      About online dynamic reconfiguration
    2. Reconfiguring a LUN online that is under DMP control
      1.  
        Removing LUNs dynamically from an existing target ID
      2.  
        Adding new LUNs dynamically to a new target ID
      3.  
        About detecting target ID reuse if the operating system device tree is not cleaned up
      4.  
        Scanning an operating system device tree after adding or removing LUNs
      5.  
        Cleaning up the operating system device tree after removing LUNs
    3.  
      Upgrading the array controller firmware online
    4.  
      Replacing a host bus adapter
  6. Creating and administering disk groups
    1. About disk groups
      1.  
        Specification of disk groups to commands
      2.  
        System-wide reserved disk groups
      3. Rules for determining the default disk group
        1.  
          Displaying the system-wide boot disk group
        2.  
          Displaying and specifying the system-wide default disk group
      4.  
        Disk group versions
    2. Displaying disk group information
      1.  
        Displaying free space in a disk group
    3. Creating a disk group
      1.  
        Creating a disk group with an earlier disk group version
    4.  
      Adding a disk to a disk group
    5.  
      Removing a disk from a disk group
    6.  
      Moving disks between disk groups
    7.  
      Deporting a disk group
    8. Importing a disk group
      1.  
        Setting the automatic recovery of volumes
    9.  
      Handling of minor number conflicts
    10. Moving disk groups between systems
      1.  
        Handling errors when importing disks
      2.  
        Reserving minor numbers for disk groups
      3.  
        Compatibility of disk groups between platforms
    11. Handling cloned disks with duplicated identifiers
      1.  
        Writing a new UDID to a disk
      2.  
        Importing a disk group containing cloned disks
      3. Sample cases of operations on cloned disks
        1.  
          Enabling configuration database copies on tagged disks
        2.  
          Importing cloned disks without tags
        3.  
          Importing cloned disks with tags
      4.  
        Considerations when using EMC CLARiiON SNAPSHOT LUNs
    12.  
      Renaming a disk group
    13. Handling conflicting configuration copies
      1.  
        Example of a serial split brain condition in a cluster
      2.  
        Correcting conflicting configuration information
    14. Reorganizing the contents of disk groups
      1.  
        Limitations of disk group split and join
      2. Listing objects potentially affected by a move
        1.  
          Moving DCO volumes between disk groups
      3.  
        Moving objects between disk groups
      4.  
        Splitting disk groups
      5.  
        Joining disk groups
    15.  
      Disabling a disk group
    16. Destroying a disk group
      1.  
        Recovering a destroyed disk group
    17.  
      Upgrading the disk group version
    18.  
      About the configuration daemon in VxVM
    19.  
      Backing up and restoring disk group configuration data
    20.  
      Using vxnotify to monitor configuration changes
    21.  
      Working with existing ISP disk groups
  7. Creating and administering subdisks and plexes
    1.  
      About subdisks
    2.  
      Creating subdisks
    3.  
      Displaying subdisk information
    4.  
      Moving subdisks
    5.  
      Splitting subdisks
    6.  
      Joining subdisks
    7.  
      Associating subdisks with plexes
    8.  
      Associating log subdisks
    9.  
      Dissociating subdisks from plexes
    10.  
      Removing subdisks
    11.  
      Changing subdisk attributes
    12.  
      About plexes
    13.  
      Creating plexes
    14.  
      Creating a striped plex
    15. Displaying plex information
      1.  
        Plex states
      2.  
        Plex condition flags
      3.  
        Plex kernel states
    16.  
      Attaching and associating plexes
    17.  
      Taking plexes offline
    18.  
      Detaching plexes
    19. Reattaching plexes
      1.  
        Automatic plex reattachment
    20.  
      Moving plexes
    21.  
      Copying volumes to plexes
    22.  
      Dissociating and removing plexes
    23.  
      Changing plex attributes
  8. Creating volumes
    1.  
      About volume creation
    2. Types of volume layouts
      1.  
        Supported volume logs and maps
    3. Creating a volume
      1.  
        Advanced approach
      2.  
        Assisted approach
    4. Using vxassist
      1.  
        Setting default values for vxassist
      2.  
        Using the SmartMove™ feature while attaching a plex
    5.  
      Discovering the maximum size of a volume
    6.  
      Disk group alignment constraints on volumes
    7.  
      Creating a volume on any disk
    8. Creating a volume on specific disks
      1.  
        Creating a volume on SSD devices
      2.  
        Specifying ordered allocation of storage to volumes
    9. Creating a mirrored volume
      1.  
        Creating a mirrored-concatenated volume
      2.  
        Creating a concatenated-mirror volume
    10.  
      Creating a volume with a version 0 DCO volume
    11.  
      Creating a volume with a version 20 DCO volume
    12.  
      Creating a volume with dirty region logging enabled
    13. Creating a striped volume
      1.  
        Creating a mirrored-stripe volume
      2.  
        Creating a striped-mirror volume
    14.  
      Mirroring across targets, controllers or enclosures
    15.  
      Mirroring across media types (SSD and HDD)
    16.  
      Creating a RAID-5 volume
    17.  
      Creating tagged volumes
    18. Creating a volume using vxmake
      1.  
        Creating a volume using a vxmake description file
    19. Initializing and starting a volume
      1.  
        Initializing and starting a volume created using vxmake
    20.  
      Accessing a volume
    21. Using rules and persistent attributes to make volume allocation more efficient
      1.  
        Understanding persistent attributes
      2.  
        Rule file format
      3.  
        Using rules to create a volume
      4.  
        Using persistent attributes
  9. Administering volumes
    1.  
      About volume administration
    2. Displaying volume information
      1.  
        Volume states
      2.  
        Volume kernel states
    3. Monitoring and controlling tasks
      1.  
        Specifying task tags
      2. Managing tasks with vxtask
        1.  
          vxtask operations
        2.  
          Using the vxtask command
    4.  
      About SF Thin Reclamation feature
    5. Reclamation of storage on thin reclamation arrays
      1.  
        Identifying thin and thin reclamation LUNs
      2.  
        How reclamation on a deleted volume works
      3.  
        Thin Reclamation of a disk, a disk group, or an enclosure
      4.  
        Thin Reclamation of a file system
      5.  
        Triggering space reclamation
    6.  
      Monitoring Thin Reclamation using the vxtask command
    7.  
      Using SmartMove with Thin Provisioning
    8.  
      Admin operations on an unmounted VxFS thin volume
    9. Stopping a volume
      1.  
        Putting a volume in maintenance mode
    10.  
      Starting a volume
    11. Resizing a volume
      1.  
        Resizing volumes with vxresize
      2. Resizing volumes with vxassist
        1.  
          Extending to a given length
        2.  
          Extending by a given length
        3.  
          Shrinking to a given length
        4.  
          Shrinking by a given length
      3.  
        Resizing volumes with vxvol
    12. Adding a mirror to a volume
      1.  
        Mirroring all volumes
      2.  
        Mirroring volumes on a VM disk
    13.  
      Removing a mirror
    14.  
      Adding logs and maps to volumes
    15. Preparing a volume for DRL and instant snapshots
      1.  
        Specifying storage for version 20 DCO plexes
      2.  
        Using a DCO and DCO volume with a RAID-5 volume
      3.  
        Determining the DCO version number
      4.  
        Determining if DRL is enabled on a volume
      5.  
        Determining if DRL logging is active on a volume
      6.  
        Disabling and re-enabling DRL
      7.  
        Removing support for DRL and instant snapshots from a volume
    16. Adding traditional DRL logging to a mirrored volume
      1.  
        Removing a traditional DRL log
    17.  
      Upgrading existing volumes to use version 20 DCOs
    18.  
      Setting tags on volumes
    19.  
      Changing the read policy for mirrored volumes
    20.  
      Removing a volume
    21.  
      Moving volumes from a VM disk
    22. Enabling FastResync on a volume
      1.  
        Checking whether FastResync is enabled on a volume
      2.  
        Disabling FastResync
    23. Performing online relayout
      1.  
        Permitted relayout transformations
      2.  
        Specifying a non-default layout
      3.  
        Specifying a plex for relayout
      4.  
        Tagging a relayout operation
      5.  
        Viewing the status of a relayout
      6.  
        Controlling the progress of a relayout
    24.  
      Converting between layered and non-layered volumes
    25. Adding a RAID-5 log
      1.  
        Adding a RAID-5 log using vxplex
      2.  
        Removing a RAID-5 log
  10. Creating and administering volume sets
    1.  
      About volume sets
    2.  
      Creating a volume set
    3.  
      Adding a volume to a volume set
    4.  
      Removing a volume from a volume set
    5.  
      Listing details of volume sets
    6.  
      Stopping and starting volume sets
    7. Raw device node access to component volumes
      1.  
        Enabling raw device access when creating a volume set
      2.  
        Displaying the raw device access settings for a volume set
      3.  
        Controlling raw device access for an existing volume set
  11. Configuring off-host processing
    1.  
      About off-host processing solutions
    2. Implemention of off-host processing solutions
      1.  
        Implementing off-host online backup
      2.  
        Implementing decision support
  12. Administering hot-relocation
    1.  
      About hot-relocation
    2. How hot-relocation works
      1.  
        Partial disk failure mail messages
      2.  
        Complete disk failure mail messages
      3.  
        How space is chosen for relocation
    3.  
      Configuring a system for hot-relocation
    4.  
      Displaying spare disk information
    5.  
      Marking a disk as a hot-relocation spare
    6.  
      Removing a disk from use as a hot-relocation spare
    7.  
      Excluding a disk from hot-relocation use
    8.  
      Making a disk available for hot-relocation use
    9.  
      Configuring hot-relocation to use only spare disks
    10. Moving relocated subdisks
      1.  
        Moving relocated subdisks using vxdiskadm
      2.  
        Moving relocated subdisks using vxassist
      3. Moving relocated subdisks using vxunreloc
        1.  
          Moving hot-relocated subdisks back to their original disk
        2.  
          Moving hot-relocated subdisks back to a different disk
        3.  
          Forcing hot-relocated subdisks to accept different offsets
        4.  
          Examining which subdisks were hot-relocated from a disk
      4.  
        Restarting vxunreloc after errors
    11.  
      Modifying the behavior of hot-relocation
  13. Administering cluster functionality (CVM)
    1. Overview of clustering
      1.  
        Overview of cluster volume management
      2.  
        Private and shared disk groups
      3.  
        Activation modes of shared disk groups
      4. Connectivity policy of shared disk groups
        1.  
          Global detach policy
        2.  
          Local detach policy
        3.  
          Guidelines for choosing detach policies
        4.  
          Disk group failure policy
        5.  
          Guidelines for failure policies
      5.  
        Effect of disk connectivity on cluster reconfiguration
      6.  
        Limitations of shared disk groups
    2. Multiple host failover configurations
      1.  
        Import lock
      2.  
        Failover
      3.  
        Corruption of disk group configuration
    3.  
      About the cluster functionality of VxVM
    4. CVM initialization and configuration
      1. Cluster reconfiguration
        1.  
          vxclustadm utility
      2. Volume reconfiguration
        1.  
          vxconfigd daemon
        2.  
          vxconfigd daemon recovery
      3.  
        Node shutdown
      4.  
        Cluster shutdown
    5. Dirty region logging in cluster environments
      1.  
        How DRL works in a cluster environment
    6. Administering VxVM in cluster environments
      1.  
        Requesting node status and discovering the master node
      2. Changing the CVM master manually
        1.  
          Errors during CVM master switching
      3.  
        Determining if a LUN is in a shareable disk group
      4.  
        Listing shared disk groups
      5.  
        Creating a shared disk group
      6. Importing disk groups as shared
        1.  
          Forcibly importing a disk group
      7.  
        Handling cloned disks in a shared disk group
      8.  
        Converting a disk group from shared to private
      9.  
        Moving objects between shared disk groups
      10.  
        Splitting shared disk groups
      11.  
        Joining shared disk groups
      12.  
        Changing the activation mode on a shared disk group
      13.  
        Setting the disk detach policy on a shared disk group
      14.  
        Setting the disk group failure policy on a shared disk group
      15.  
        Creating volumes with exclusive open access by a node
      16.  
        Setting exclusive open access to a volume by a node
      17.  
        Displaying the cluster protocol version
      18.  
        Displaying the supported cluster protocol version range
      19.  
        Recovering volumes in shared disk groups
      20.  
        Obtaining cluster performance statistics
      21.  
        Administering CVM from the slave node
  14. Administering sites and remote mirrors
    1. About sites and remote mirrors
      1.  
        About site-based allocation
      2.  
        About site consistency
      3.  
        About site tags
      4.  
        About the site read policy
    2.  
      Making an existing disk group site consistent
    3.  
      Configuring a new disk group as a Remote Mirror configuration
    4. Fire drill - testing the configuration
      1.  
        Simulating site failure
      2.  
        Verifying the secondary site
      3.  
        Recovery from simulated site failure
    5. Changing the site name
      1.  
        Resetting the site name for a host
    6. Administering the Remote Mirror configuration
      1.  
        Configuring site tagging for disks or enclosures
      2.  
        Configuring automatic site tagging for a disk group
      3.  
        Configuring site consistency on a volume
    7.  
      Examples of storage allocation by specifying sites
    8.  
      Displaying site information
    9. Failure and recovery scenarios
      1.  
        Recovering from a loss of site connectivity
      2.  
        Recovering from host failure
      3.  
        Recovering from storage failure
      4.  
        Recovering from site failure
      5.  
        Automatic site reattachment
  15. Performance monitoring and tuning
    1. Performance guidelines
      1.  
        Data assignment
      2.  
        Striping
      3.  
        Mirroring
      4.  
        Combining mirroring and striping
    2. RAID-5
      1.  
        Volume read policies
    3. Performance monitoring
      1.  
        Setting performance priorities
      2. Obtaining performance data
        1.  
          Tracing volume operations
        2.  
          Printing volume statistics
      3. Using performance data
        1.  
          Using I/O statistics
        2.  
          Using I/O tracing
    4. Tuning VxVM
      1.  
        General tuning guidelines
      2. Tuning guidelines for large systems
        1.  
          Number of configuration copies for a disk group
      3.  
        Changing the values of VxVM tunables
      4.  
        Tunable parameters for VxVM
      5.  
        DMP tunable parameters
      6.  
        Disabling I/O statistics collection
      7.  
        Enabling I/O statistics collection
  16. Appendix A. Using Veritas Volume Manager commands
    1.  
      About Veritas Volume Manager commands
    2.  
      CVM commands supported for executing on the slave node
    3. Online manual pages
      1.  
        Section 1M - administrative commands
      2.  
        Section 4 - file formats
      3.  
        Section 7 - device driver interfaces
  17. Appendix B. Configuring Veritas Volume Manager
    1.  
      Setup tasks after installation
    2.  
      Unsupported disk arrays
    3.  
      Foreign devices
    4.  
      Initialization of disks and creation of disk groups
    5. Guidelines for configuring storage
      1.  
        Mirroring guidelines
      2.  
        Dirty region logging guidelines
      3.  
        Striping guidelines
      4.  
        RAID-5 guidelines
      5.  
        Hot-relocation guidelines
      6.  
        Accessing volume devices
    6.  
      VxVM's view of multipathed devices
    7. Cluster support
      1.  
        Configuring shared disk groups
      2.  
        Converting existing VxVM disk groups to shared disk groups
  18.  
    Glossary

Using I/O statistics

Examination of the I/O statistics can suggest how to reconfigure your system. You should examine two primary statistics: volume I/O activity and disk I/O activity.

Before obtaining statistics, reset the counters for all existing statistics using the vxstat -r command. This eliminates any differences between volumes or disks due to volumes being created, and also removes statistics from boot time (which are not usually of interest).

After resetting the counters, allow the system to run during typical system activity. Run the application or workload of interest on the system to measure its effect. When monitoring a system that is used for multiple purposes, try not to exercise any one application more than usual. When monitoring a time-sharing system with many users, let statistics accumulate for several hours during the normal working day.

To display volume statistics, enter the vxstat command with no arguments. The following is a typical display of volume statistics:

                OPERATIONS          BLOCKS         AVG TIME(ms)
TYP  NAME      READ   WRITE      READ    WRITE     READ   WRITE
vol  archive    865     807      5722     3809     0.32    0.24
vol  home      2980    5287      6504    10550     0.37    2.21
vol  local    49477   49230    507892   204975     0.28    0.33
vol  rootvol 102906  342664   1085520  1962946     0.28    0.25
vol  src      79174   23603    425472   139302     0.22    0.30
vol  swapvol  22751   32364    182001   258905     0.25    3.23

Such output helps to identify volumes with an unusually large number of operations or excessive read or write times.

To display disk statistics, use the vxstat -d command. The following is a typical display of disk statistics:

               OPERATIONS          BLOCKS         AVG TIME(ms)
TYP  NAME      READ   WRITE     READ    WRITE     READ   WRITE
dm   mydg01   40473  174045   455898    951379    0.29    0.35
dm   mydg02   32668   16873   470337    351351    0.35    1.02
dm   mydg03   55249   60043   780779    731979    0.35    0.61
dm   mydg04   11909   13745   114508    128605    0.25    0.30

If you need to move the volume named archive onto another disk, use the following command to identify on which disks it lies:

# vxprint -g mydg -tvh archive

The following is an extract from typical output:

V   RVG/VSET/CO  KSTATE   STATE    LENGTH  READPOL    REFPLEX    UTYPE
PL  NAME       VOLUME       KSTATE   STATE    LENGTH  LAYOUT     NCOL/WDTH  MODE
SD  NAME       PLEX         DISK     DISKOFFS LENGTH  [COL/]OFF  DEVICE     MODE

v   archive    -            ENABLED  ACTIVE   20480   SELECT     -          fsgen
pl  archive-01 archive      ENABLED  ACTIVE   20480   CONCAT     -          RW
sd  mydg03-03  archive-01   mydg03   0        40960   0          c1t2d0     ENA

The subdisks line (beginning sd) indicates that the volume archive is on disk mydg03. To move the volume off mydg03, use the following command.

Note:

The ! character is a special character in some shells. This example shows how to escape it in a bash shell.

# vxassist -g mydg move archive \!mydg03 dest_disk

Here dest_disk is the destination disk to which you want to move the volume. It is not necessary to specify a destination disk. If you do not specify a destination disk, the volume is moved to an available disk with enough space to contain the volume.

For example, to move a volume from disk mydg03 to disk mydg04, in the disk group, mydg, use the following command:

# vxassist -g mydg move archive \!mydg03 mydg04

This command indicates that the volume is to be reorganized so that no part of it remains on mydg03.

If two volumes (other than the root volume) on the same disk are busy, move them so that each is on a different disk.

If one volume is particularly busy (especially if it has unusually large average read or write times), stripe the volume (or split the volume into multiple pieces, with each piece on a different disk). If done online, converting a volume to use striping requires sufficient free space to store an extra copy of the volume. If sufficient free space is not available, a backup copy can be made instead. To convert a volume, create a striped plex as a mirror of the volume and then remove the old plex. For example, the following commands stripe the volume archive across disks mydg02, mydg03, and mydg04 in the disk group, mydg, and then remove the original plex archive-01:

# vxassist -g mydg mirror archive layout=stripe mydg02 mydg03 \
  mydg04
# vxplex -g mydg -o rm dis archive-01

After reorganizing any particularly busy volumes, check the disk statistics. If some volumes have been reorganized, clear statistics first and then accumulate statistics for a reasonable period of time.

If some disks appear to be excessively busy (or have particularly long read or write times), you may want to reconfigure some volumes. If there are two relatively busy volumes on a disk, move them closer together to reduce seek times on the disk. If there are too many relatively busy volumes on one disk, move them to a disk that is less busy.

Use I/O tracing (or subdisk statistics) to determine whether volumes have excessive activity in particular regions of the volume. If the active regions can be identified, split the subdisks in the volume and move those regions to a less busy disk.

Warning:

Striping a volume, or splitting a volume across multiple disks, increases the chance that a disk failure results in failure of that volume. For example, if five volumes are striped across the same five disks, then failure of any one of the five disks requires that all five volumes be restored from a backup. If each volume were on a separate disk, only one volume would need to be restored. Use mirroring or RAID-5 to reduce the chance that a single disk failure results in failure of a large number of volumes.

Note that file systems and databases typically shift their use of allocated space over time, so this position-specific information on a volume is often not useful. Databases are reasonable candidates for moving to non-busy disks if the space used by a particularly busy index or table can be identified.

Examining the ratio of reads to writes helps to identify volumes that can be mirrored to improve their performance. If the read-to-write ratio is high, mirroring can increase performance as well as reliability. The ratio of reads to writes where mirroring can improve performance depends greatly on the disks, the disk controller, whether multiple controllers can be used, and the speed of the system bus. If a particularly busy volume has a high ratio of reads to writes, it is likely that mirroring can significantly improve performance of that volume.